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ADSL
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Abbreviation for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, Bellcore's term for digital transmission to the home via the standard telephone wiring already in place. ADSL allows high bandwidth one-way (e.g., video) with control signals returning from the home at 16 Kbps. ADSL is not limited to entertaining uses, but offers a variety of other applications including education, health care, and multimedia retrieval.
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ALN
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Abbreviation for Asynchronous Learning Network, a people network for learning that combines self-study with substantial, asynchronous interactivity with others. In ALN, the learner uses computer and communications technologies to work remote learning resources, including coaches and other learners, but without the requirement to be online at the same time.
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AMPLIFIER
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A device that supplies power to and strengthens an incoming signal for output.
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ANALOG
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Represented as a continuous signal or quantity, as opposed to digital, represented by discrete numbers with an extremely wide range of values.
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ANSI
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American National Standards Institute, the organization responsible for most standards used for US audio-visual and computer equipment.
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ASPECT RATIO
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The proportions of a projected picture area. In the U.S., standard video aspect ratio is three units high by four units wide, usually shown as 3:4. Slides are 2:3.
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ATM
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Abbreviation for Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a very high-speed transmission technology. ATM is a high bandwidth, low-delay packet switching standard using a cell-based approach. Each packet of information is a 53-byte fixed-cell, allocated to services on demand.
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AUDIO MONITOR
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A speaker for listening to the playback of a tape or record or CD, editing, and quality check.
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AUDIO
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The frequencies corresponding to sound waves that can normally be heard by the human ear.
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AUDIOCASSETTE
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A cassette designed to hold audiotape for automatic play in tape recorder devices.
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BANDWIDTH
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The capacity of a data connection or network, measured in bits per second (Bps) digital transmission, or cycles per second (hertz) for analog transmissions. It is analogous to the number of lanes on a highway, or the diameter of a water pipe. Think of it as "data throughput."
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BAUD
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A signal element change per second on a communications line. Same as "bits per second."
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BEHAVIOR MODELING
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A training process designed to change behavior in which trainees view behavior models, rehearse the behaviors, receive feedback, and then transfer these behaviors to their work environment.
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BENCHMARKING
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A process that helps you learn from the best practices of others who are doing similar work, by comparing and contrasting efforts.
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BETA VERSION
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A new updated software or hardware product that is ready to be released to users for testing. This is usually one of the last steps before a product is released to market.
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BIT
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Short for binary digit; a bit is the smallest unit of information handled by a computer.
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BOOLEAN LOGIC
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A system used by most larger search engines for searching and retrieving information from a database by using and combining terms such as AND, OR, and AND NOT to sort data. BYTE Short for binary term; equal to 8 bits.
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CABLE MODEM
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A modem designed for use on a TV coaxial cable circuit. The cable modem is put on a home cable TV line and the subscriber, for an additional fee, is given a circuit on which the user can dial up one of the commercial online services or the Internet. Its potential speed and bandwidth are high, but local cable providers will need to invest billions of dollars to change their cable networks to 2-way.
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CAI
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Abbreviation for computer-assisted instruction, an educational program designed to serve as a teaching tool. These programs often use tutorials, drills, and question-and-answer sessions to present a topic and to test the user's comprehension.
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CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
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The video display tube used in video monitors and receivers, radar displays, and video computer terminals. Contains a cathode and heater element at one end that produces electron beams that hit a phosphor coating on the face of the tube and make it glow.
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CBT
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Abbreviation for computer-based training, which refers to the use of computers and specially developed tutorial programs for teaching.
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CD
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Compact Disc; a 4.5" disc encoded by lasers to store audio, video, or computer data or all three.
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CGI
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Abbreviation for Common Gateway Interface, the programming interface for executive programs on Web servers, which defines the structure for passing data from the server's gateway program.
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CHANNEL
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An organized set of information transmitted to a subscriber at specific intervals.
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CHIP
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Minuscule piece of silicon, an IC, or integrated circuit.
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CLIENT-SERVER
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A powerful computer used to manage disk drives, printers, or network traffic.
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CLIENT
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A PC, laptop, or workstation that makes requests for data from a larger computer or server. Clients rely on servers for resources such as files and devices.
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CODEC
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Short for compressor/decompressor. Technology used to compress or decompress data by using hardware, software, or both. Commonly used codes for computer video include MPEG, Indeo, Cinepak, and QuickTime.
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COLLABORATION
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People working together online over time. A unique value of online learning is the ability to extend the duration of a course in this manner.
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COMMUNITY BUILDING
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Extending collaboration to create an ongoing sense of working together, sharing information and experience, as well as building trust with other professionals or people with a common goal or mission.
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COOKIE
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A file put on a user's hard drive by a Web site the user has visited. This file collects information about the user, e.g., the type of browser or computer being used, and transmits it back to the Web site.
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CRT PROJECTOR
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CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) refers to a specific type of technology, used in televisions and certain video projectors. CRT projectors are those units with separate red, green, and blue "guns" that project an image.
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DESKTOP CONFERENCING
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A form of videoconferencing involving a small video camera mounted on top of a desktop computer monitor. Individuals or small groups of people can see and hear each other as they share graphics and data on the computer screen as a sort of electronic white board.
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DHCP
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Abbreviation for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a standard method for assigning IP addresses automatically to the devices on a TCP/IP network. As a new device connects, the DHCP server assigns an IP address from a list of available addresses. The device retains this IP address for the duration of the session. Once the device disconnects the IP address becomes available for use again.
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DISTANCE LEARNING
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A learning process meeting 3 criteria: a geographical distance separates communication between the trainer and participant; the communication is 3-way and interactive; and some form of technology is used to facilitate the learning process.
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DLP PROJECTOR
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DLP (Digital Light Processing) like LCD is an additional technology utilized in the popular plug-and-play line of lightweight, easy-to-use, data/video projectors, and takes very little time to set up.
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DVD PLAYER
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DVD (Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc system about the size of a CD ROM, but capable of storing an entire movie. Typical capacity for these discs is 4.5 GB, or about 133 minutes of digital video.
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DYNAMIC HTML
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A collective term for a combination of new Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) tags, style sheets, and programming that allow animation and event-driven activities.
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E-LEARNING
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The process of learning via computers over the Internet and intranets. Also referred to as Web-based training, online learning, distributed learning, or technology for learning.
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ENCRYPTION
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The scrambling of a video signal, often used in cable and pay-TV systems. Also used in satellite video-conferencing.
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ETHERNET
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A widely used local-area network (LAN) protocol that allows for the transfer of data at 10 megabits per second.
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EXTRANET
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A term to describe an intranet designed to allow secure access by outsiders (customers, vendors, investors) to specific internal information or training.
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FEEDBACK
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The regeneration of sound caused by a system's microphone pickup of output from its own speakers causing a ringing sound or high-pitch squeal.
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FIBER OPTICS
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Transmission "wires" made of thin glass which can transmit a much higher bandwidth than traditional copper wire. Transmits pulses of electronically generated light, often over very long distances.
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FIREWALL
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Software or hardware that limits access to a computer from a network or other outside source. They are often used to thwart would-be hackers' attempts to infiltrate computer systems.
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FOCUS
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Sharpening a blurred image on a screen, monitor, or any display adjusting picture to achieve the greatest possible resolution.
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FORMAT
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Referring to the size of the actual video or audiotape used, i.e., standard VHS tape is referred to as 1/2" format.
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FRAME RELAY
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A packet-switching protocol that efficiently handles high-speed, bursty data over wide area networks. It offers lower costs and higher performance than the traditional point-to-point services (leased lines).
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FREQUENCY
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The rate of repetition in cycles per second (Hertz) of musical pitch or electrical signals. Low frequencies are bass; high frequencies are treble.
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FRONT SCREEN PROJECTION
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An image projected on the audience side of a light-reflecting screen.
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FTP
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Abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol, a protocol that defines how to transfer files from 1 computer to another, or an application program that moves files using the File Transfer Protocol.
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GATEWAY
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A computer system that transfers data between normally incompatible networks or applications. The data is reformatted so that it is acceptable to the new network or application before it is passed on. A gateway may connect to 2 dissimilar networks or it might allow 2 incompatible applications, such as mail systems with different message formats, to communicate over the same network.
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GIGABYTE
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1,073,741,824 bytes (roughly 1 billion bytes).
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HDSL
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Abbreviation for High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line, which is used for digital transmission of data over standard copper telecommunications lines. HDSL is symmetrical; an equal amount of bandwidth is available in both directions.
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HDTV
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High Definition Television, often used to describe advanced production and delivery systems.
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HEADPHONE
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A device consisting of one or two electro-acoustic receivers attached to a headband for private listening to audio sources.
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HEADSET
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A headphone with a built-in microphone usually mounted on an adjustable boom. It is audio active, meaning the wearer can both listen and respond.
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HIGH FIDELITY
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Accurate and faithful reproduction of the original signal; absence of distortion.
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HTML
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Hyper-Text Markup Language, a computer language used for creating and displaying text and graphics over the Web.
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HTTP
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Abbreviation for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," the protocol used to transfer documents over intranets or the Internet.
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HUE
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Color value (red, blue) rather than intensity/brightness.
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INPUT
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The signal that enters a unit or system; the jack or receptacle into which a signal is fed.
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INTERACTIVE VIDEO
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A computer program and video program running in tandem under the control or influence of the user. The user's choice and action impact the way in which the program unfolds.
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INTERACTIVITY
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The means by which a user is engaged with the content of a course, typically used as a tool to ensure learning.
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INTERFACE
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To connect normally incompatible components so that the signal from 1 is readable by the second. Often transmitting 1 standard or language to a device that recognizes another, different standard or language.
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INTERNET
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A global Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network that links millions of computers. The Internet can be accessed through commercial online services, as well as local Internet service providers. Currently, there are more than 30 million users in more than 70 countries linked via the Internet.
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INTRANET
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A private Internet for use by people who have been given the authority to use the network. Companies are increasingly using intranets to provide their employees access to corporate information.
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IP ADDRESS
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Abbreviation for Internet Protocol, the most important of the protocols on which the Internet is based. The IP allows a packet to traverse multiple networks on the way to its final destination.
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ISDN
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Abbreviation for Integrated Services Digital Network, a telecommunications network that allows for high-speed digital voice, video, and data transmissions. ISDN lines contain 2 B channels at 64 Kbps each and a D channel at 16 Kbps. The 2 lines when used together allow for data transmission at 128Kbps. Both a network terminator and ISDN terminal adapter are needed to connect to an ISDN line.
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ISP
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Abbreviation for Internet Service Provider, a vendor providing direct access to the Internet.
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JAVA
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A language used on the Internet that allows applications to be run over the Internet. The client, with an Internet browser, is able to run applications that are not on the client machine, but rather on the server that is connected to the Internet.
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KEYSTONING
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The distortion (usually of a wide-top narrow-bottom effect) of a projected image caused by improper projector-to-screen angle. So named for its similarity in shape to the keystone used in constructing an arch.
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KILOBYTE
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1,024 bytes or 8,192 bits; abbreviated K, KB, or Kbyte.
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LAN
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Abbreviation for local area network, a network that physically connects a group of computers, usually in 1 building or office, that allows them to communicate with each other.
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LAVALIER MIC
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A small microphone worn on a cord around the neck or clipped to the lapel. Can be wired or wireless.
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LCD PROJECTOR
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A device that allows text, graphics, and video information to be displayed onto a large screen. This type of projection system is economical and lightweight.
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LCD
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Liquid Crystal Display. Refers to the technology used to display a given image. Calculators, laptop computers and video projectors are several examples of equipment which use LCD technology.
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LEARNING PORTALS
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Web sites that provide online learning courses for immediate purchase, and include courses developed by a third party. Some also provide additional features, such as collaboration and community. Note: if a publisher provides only its own content, that is an Online Store, rather than a Portal.
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LUMEN
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A method of measuring light output (brightness). Principally arises when referring to overhead projectors. Most standard overhead projectors generate from 2500-3000 lumens. High-Intensity overheads generate from 4000-6000 lumens. Super High-Intensity overheads generate up to 11,000 lumens. |
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MICROPHONE
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A device that converts sound into electrical signals usable by other pieces of audio equipment. Microphones vary in sound quality, generating system used, directional patterns and impedance.
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MIXER
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A language used on the Internet that allows applications to be run over the Internet. The client, with an Internet browser, is able to run applications that are not on the client machine, but rather on the server that is connected to the Internet.
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MODEM
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MOdulator DEModulator, a device that connects computers to communications devices and encodes and decodes the information to be communicated, enabling computers to send information and data over telephone lines.
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MULTICASTING
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The ability to send identical data, including audio and video, simultaneously to more than 1 destination on a network.
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MULTIMEDIA
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The integration of at least 2 of 6 information types for presentation on a television, computer screen, or other computer-driven device with a screen interface. Multimedia can include text, sound, graphics, still photographs, animation, or motion video. Though multimedia is not necessarily interactive (branched per user choice or performance), most people use the term assuming high levels of interactivity.
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NETCASTING
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A term used to describe transmitting streaming content, such as audio and video, over the Internet.
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NETWORK
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A system of connected hardware and software that allows for sharing of storage devices, peripherals, and applications. Networks can be connected directly by cable connections or indirectly, by use of telephone lines or satellites.
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NTSC
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National Television Standards Committee, which established the US standard 525 lines 60 field system, often referred to as the NTSC format. This format is color compatible. The NTSC format is standard throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Japan.
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OPERATING SYSTEM
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The most important program on a computer. This software controls the execution of programs, input/output, data management, and resource scheduling.
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OUTPUT
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Signal delivered from any audio or video device; also a jack, connector, or circuit that feeds the signal to another piece of equipment such as a speaker or headphones.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
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A device that produces an image on a screen by transmitting light through a transparency lying on the face or stage of the projector. The lens and mirror arrangement in an elevated housing makes possible a bright projected image in semi-darkened or lighted room. Allows a lecturer to sit or stand in front of and face an audience, to point out items on the transparency, or to write on the transparency as the audience watches. Ideal for classroom and training uses.
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PACKET
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A bundle of data. On the Internet, data is broken up into small chunks called "packets," each of which traverses the network independently, eventually getting reassembled at its destination. Packet sizes vary from roughly 40 to 32,000 bytes, depending on network hardware and media. Normally, packets are less than 1,500 bytes long.
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PAL
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Phase Alternate by Line, 625 line 50 field composite color transmission system, used in Great Britain, Ireland, Western Europe, Scandinavia, southern Africa, and Australia.
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PATCH
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To connect. Often used in audio applications to mean connecting one jack to another. Sound systems use patch cables to select and connect meeting room jacks to certain amplifiers.
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PLATFORM
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A combination of hardware and software that defines a standard around which a system of applications and peripherals can be developed.
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PORT
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A computer's physical input/output channel (e.g., a serial port on the back of a computer).
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POTS
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Abbreviation for plain old telephone service, the basic telephone service without added features such as Call Waiting or Call Forwarding.
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PROTOCOL
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A definition of how computers act when talking to each other. Protocol definitions range from how bits are placed on wire to the format of an electronic mail message. Standard protocols allow computers made by different manufacturers to communicate; they can use completely different software, as long as the programs running on both ends agree on what the data means.
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REAR SCREEN
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A translucent screen of glass or acrylic with a specially formulated coating on which the image is transmitted through the screen for individual or group viewing. The screen is between the projector and the viewer. The slide, video, or film must be reversed or a mirror or prism used to correct the image for viewing.
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RECORDER
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A device for making a permanent or temporary record of a signal or a program. It may be audio and/or video. It usually can play back or reproduce as well as record. Magnetic tape is most often the recording medium. The tape may be on open reels or in a container called a cartridge or cassette.
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REMOTE CONTROL
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A device for controlling a machine or some function of a machine at a distance, either wired or wireless.
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RESOLUTION
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The sharpness of an image. Some computer and video applications, like graphics or HDTV, require high resolution.
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ROUTER
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A piece of hardware that transfers data between 2 networks that use the same protocols.
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S-VHS
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A higher quality ½" video tape format. Requires an S-VHS machine for playback.
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SATELLITE BROADCASTING
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A form of videoconferencing that uses satellite links rather than phone lines. It usually has 2-way audio but 1-way video.
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SATURATION
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Quantity of pure color, which is diluted when mixed with white.
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SECAM
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Sequential Couleur et Memoire or sequential color and memory. A color TV system with 625 lines and 50 fields developed in France different from NTSC and PAL systems. Used in France, Russia, and Eastern Europe.
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SERVER
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Software that allows a computer to offer a service to another computer. Other computers contact the server program by making "client" software. Also used to describe the computer on which the server software runs.
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SLIDE PROJECTOR
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A device containing a light source and lens system that focuses on an image from a slide or transparency mounted in cardboard, glass, metal, or plastic frame onto a screen. Some models have built-in rear viewing screens; some are provided with a high-intensity light source for projection of large images, long throw, or when ambient light is high; some have random access or built-in advance. Slides may be contained in trays, cartridges, carousels, or drums for use in appropriately designed projectors.
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SONET
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Acronym for Synchronous Optical Network, a category of fiber-optic communication standards that permits transmission speeds ranging from 51.84 Mbps to 2.48 Gbps.
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SOURCE
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Refers to that which generates an original image or sound, e.g., VCR, cable, laser disc player, audio cassette player, and CD players are all "sources."
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STEREO
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Equipment with separate signals and channels for the left and right audio information.
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STREAMING
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Video and sound that are broadcasted over a Web site or an intranet in real-time rather than requiring the user to download and play it back after the download has been completed.
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SXGA
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Super Extended Video Graphics Array. A step above XGA with 1280x1024 resolution.
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T3-LINE
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A leased line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits-per-second. This is more than enough to do full-screen, full-motion video.
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TCP/IP
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Abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a language governing communications among the computers on the Internet or intranets. TCP/IP is 2 separate protocols—TCP and IP—but they are almost always used together. The IP protocol controls how packets of information are sent out over the networks. The TCP protocol ensures the reliability of data transmissions sent across interconnected networks.
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THROW DISTANCE
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The distance from the center of the front of the projector lens to the center of the screen.
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UNIX
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A powerful operating system that was important to the development of the Internet and is useful in scientific and engineering environments.
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URL
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URL-uniform (universal) resource locators are the Internet equivalent of addresses. Like other types of addresses, they move from the general to the specific (from zip code to recipient).
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VGA
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Video Graphics Array. (A lower signal output standard for older computers). Resolution is 640 x 480.
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VHS
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A ½" videocassette format. Not compatible with the beta format which is also ½" but differs electronically.
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VIDEO DATA PROJECTOR
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A device that projects either video or computer-generated images on to a screen.
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VIDEO
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Refers generally to any production using videotape or television technology.
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VIDEOCONFERENCING
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Video and audio communication among participants located at different sites that are connected by video cameras, microphones, display screens, and a computer network. Participants are able to view and listen to each other as information is transmitted through a network to a computer screen or monitor and speakers
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WAN
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Abbreviation for wide-area network, a group of computers networked to each other over a geographical area. WANs usually require special arrangements with the telephone company because data is transmitted across telephone lines among the linked sites.
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WIRELESS T-1
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Same as T-1 (hard wired) however, uses strategically placed antennas throughout building to allow for complete mobility and constant connection without the use of wires. WWW Abbreviation for World Wide Web, a system of Internet servers that provides access to text, graphics, and multimedia documents which, in turn, provide hyperlinks to other documents, multimedia content, and sites.
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WIRELESS
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A distribution system not depending on wires; may be AM, FM, VHF, UHF, or infrared.
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XGA
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Extended Graphics Array. (Advanced signal output for newer computers). Resolution is 1024 x 768.
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